Topical Compositions Comprising Inorganic Particulates And An Alkoxylated Diphenylacrylate Compound

ABSTRACT

A topical composition of improved spreadability and aesthetical appeal is provided, which contains inorganic particulates in combination with an alkoxylated diphenylacrylate compound. Preferably, the topical composition is a sunscreen composition that contains inorganic or physical sunscreen agents in combination with an alkoxylated α-cyanodiphenylacrylate compound, which is characterized by improved photo-protection of the skin and is effective in preventing/reducing photo-damage of the skin upon exposure to sunlight or other sources of light in the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared (IR) ranges.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 12/771,237, filed Apr.30, 2010, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 61/175,261 filed May 4, 2009.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to topical compositions with skin care or cosmeticproperties. Specifically, the invention relates to topical compositionscontaining inorganic particulates in combination with an alkoxylateddiphenylacrylate compound, which functions to improve dispersion (i.e.,reduced coagulation) of the inorganic particulates and thereby achievebetter feel/spreadability of such compositions on the skin. Morespecifically, when the inorganic particulates are physical sunscreenparticles, such as titanium dioxide and/or zinc oxide particles, thetopical compositions of the present invention are characterized byenhanced photo-protection and are particularly useful forpreventing/reducing photo-damage of the skin upon exposure to sunlightor other sources of light in the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared(IR) ranges.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a topical composition comprising at leastone inorganic particulate material and a diphenylacrylate, morespecifically an alkoxylated diphenylacrylate compound, in apharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier. It has beendiscovered that the alkoxylated diphenylacrylate compound, which is alipophilic organic compound, surprisingly and unexpectedly improvesdispersion of the inorganic particulate material in the pharmaceuticallyor cosmetically acceptable carrier and reduces potential agglomeration.

In a preferred, but not necessary, embodiment, the present inventionprovides a topical sunscreen composition for protecting the skin againstphoto-damage upon exposure to UV radiation, which comprises at least onephysical sunscreen agent selected from the group consisting of titaniumdioxide and zinc oxide and an alkoxylated α-cyanodiphenylacrylatecompound in a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier. Thealkoxylated α-cyanodiphenylacrylate compound preferably has the formula(I):

wherein one or both of R₁ and R₂ is a straight or branched-chain C₁-C₃₀alkoxy radical, any non-alkoxy radical R₁ or R₂ is hydrogen, and R₃ is astraight or branched-chain C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radical. It has been discoveredthat such an alkoxylated α-cyanodiphenylacrylate compound, when combinedwith a physical sunscreen agent, surprisingly and unexpectedly enhancesthe photo-protective effect of the physical sunscreen agent, even inabsence of any chemical sunscreen agent. Therefore, in a most preferredembodiment, the topical sunscreen composition of the present inventionis substantially free of chemical sunscreen agents, such as, forexample, dibenzoylmethane compounds or derivatives thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION, AND THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTSTHEREOF

The term “percentage” or “%” as used herein in connection with theamount or concentration of an ingredient or component in a compositionrefers to the percentage by total weight of the final composition,unless otherwise specified.

The term “substantially free of” or “in absence of” as used hereinrefers to an amount that is equal to or less than 1% by total weight ofthe final composition.

The inventors of the present invention discovered thatα-cyanodiphenylacrylate compounds are effective in facilitating thedispersion of inorganic particulates and improving the overallaesthetical appeal of the resulting topical composition (e.g., feel andspreadability on skin). This discovery is particularly surprising andunexpected in light of the fact that the inorganic particulates, such asmetal oxides, are highly charged particles, while theα-cyanodiphenylacrylate compounds are lipophilic organic compounds.

Furthermore, the inventors discovered that when the inorganicparticulates are physical sunscreen agents, such as titanium dioxideand/or zinc oxide particles, the combination thereof with theα-cyanodiphenylacrylate compound surprisingly and unexpectedly enhancesthe efficacy of the overall composition in protecting the skin againstUV-induced damages, even in absence of any chemical sunscreen agents,such as butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (hereinafter “Avobenzone”) and/oroctyl methoxycinnamate (hereinafter “OMC”).

Any inorganic particulate material suitable for topical application canbe used in the present invention, which include, but are not limited totitanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxides, mica, titanated mica,alumina, talc, pearl powder, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate,calcium silicate, calcium sulfate (gypsum), magnesium carbonate,magnesium oxide, magnesium silicate, magnesium aluminum silicate,magnesium trisilicate, aluminum silicate, aluminum magnesium silicate,silica, fumed silica, hydrated silica, spherical silica, silicasilylate, bismuth oxychloride, chalk, kaolin, diatomaceous earth,fuller's earth, kaolin, sericite, muscovite, phlogopite, lepidolite,biotite, vermiculite, smectite clays, strontium silicate, metaltungstate, magnesium, silica alumina, zeolite, tin oxide, bariumsulfate, fluorine apatite, hydroxyapatite, ceramic powder, colloidalsilicone dioxide, boron nitride, hectorite, montmorillonite, bentonite,attapulgite, titanium hydroxide, trimagnesium phosphate, and the like.

Preferred inorganic particulate materials are selected from metaloxides, such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxides, magnesiumoxide, alumina (or aluminum oxide), tin oxide, and the like. Morepreferably, the topical composition of the present invention is asunscreen composition that comprises at least one inorganic sunscreenagent, such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, and most preferably, itcomprises a blend of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.

The average particle size of the inorganic particulate materials ispreferably less than 1 micron, more preferably ranging from about 0.001micron to about 0.9 micron, and most preferably from about 0.1 to about0.5 micron. The inorganic particulate materials of the present inventioncan be of any regular or irregular shape, such as, for example,spherical, cubic, cylindrical, planar, fibrous, and the like. Suchinorganic particulate materials may either be naked (i.e., uncoated) orbe surface-treated or coated with one or more layers of coatingmaterials to impart desirable surface properties thereto. For example,the inorganic particulate materials may be coated with a hydrophilic orhydrophobic polymer, or encapsulated/entrapped in a hydrophilic orhydrophobic polymeric matrix, to improve the compatibility of suchinorganic particulate materials with the carrier medium.

In a preferred, but not necessary embodiment of the present invention,the inorganic particulate materials are entrapped in a collapsedpolymeric shell to form microspheres having an average particle sizeranging from about 1 micron to about 50 microns. The collapsed polymericshell can be formed of any synthetic or natural crosslinked orun-crosslinked polymer. If the polymer is crosslinked, it is preferredthat it is weakly crosslinked. Preferably, but not necessarily, thecollapsed polymeric shell comprises at least one synthetic polymerobtained by polymerization of one or more ethylenically unsaturatedmonomers to form homopolymers or copolymers of ethylenically unsaturatedmonomers or copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and one ormore organic groups. Examples of ethylenically unsaturated monomers thatmay be suitable include, for example, vinylidene chloride, vinylchloride, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid and its corresponding C1-C20aliphatic or aromatic esters, methacrylic acid and its correspondingC1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic esters, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinylpyrrolidone, alkenes such as styrene, ethylene, propylene, butylene,methylpentene, 1,3-butadiene, and the like. The polymeric shells of thehollow microspheres may also be formed of suitable synthetic polymers,such as polyesters, polyamides, polyphthalamides, polyimides,polycarbonates, polyketones, cellulose acetate, polysulfones,polyphenylene sulfides, polyphenylene oxides, polylactic acids,polyvinylpyrrolidone, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamide,polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylates, and copolymers of theabove-listed polymers. In a particularly preferred embodiment, thecollapsed polymeric shell is formed of a copolymer of vinylidenechloride, acrylonitrile, and/or methyl methyacrylate.

Entrapment of the inorganic particulate materials into theabove-described collapsed polymeric shell can be achieved by firstproviding hollow microspheres with deformable polymeric shells havingencapsulated therein an expandable fluid, which are then mixed with,either sequentially in any order or simultaneously, a polar organicsolvent capable of swelling but not dissolving the polymeric shells ofthe hollow microspheres and the inorganic particulate materials to beentrapped. A gelled mixture is thereby formed, which containsmicrospheres with polymeric shells in a gelled state, which aresufficiently swelled so as to have micro-channels or through-holesformed therein to allow entry of the inorganic particulate materialsinto the microspheres. Such micro-channels or through-holes in theswelled polymeric shells of the microspheres also allow exit of theexpandable fluid from the microspheres, thereby causing immediatecollapse or implosion of the polymeric shells and entrapping theinorganic particulate materials inside the microspheres. Subsequently,the expandable fluid and the polar organic solvent are removed from thegelled mixture. Preferably but not necessarily, a film-forming materialis coated over the collapsed polymeric shells to form aliquid-impermeable membrane thereon, which functions to isolate thecollapsed polymeric shells of the microspheres from any solvent in thesurrounding environment that may swell or otherwise affect thestructural integrity of such polymeric shells. In this manner, theinorganic particulate materials can be securely entrapped inside themicrospheres with little or no risk of leaking out. The hollowmicrospheres as initially provided (i.e., before mixing with the solidparticles and the polar organic solvent) are preferably expandablehollow polymeric microspheres, each of which contains a deformablepolymeric shell that is gas-tight and has enclosed or encapsulatedtherein an expandable fluid. Upon heating, the enclosed or encapsulatedfluid can expand volumetrically to apply pressure on the interior wallof the deformable polymeric shell. At the same time, the elevatedtemperature may cause the polymeric shell to soften, thereby allowingthe entire microsphere to expand in a manner similar to a balloon. Formore details regarding the structure and composition of the hollowmicrospheres and the inorganic particulate entrapment process, see U.S.Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0155371, the content of which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

The inorganic particulate material can be present in the topicalcomposition of the present invention in an amount ranging from about0.1% to about 90%, preferably from about 5% to about 50%, and morepreferably from about 10% to about 30%, by total weight of thecomposition.

Although all alkoxylated α-cyanodiphenylacrylate compounds are suitablefor the practice of the present invention, preferred alkoxylatedα-cyanodiphenylacrylate compounds for use in the present invention arethose with an alkoxyl substitution group at the para position of atleast one of the phenyl rings, i.e., those represented by formula (II):

wherein one or both of R₁ and R₂ is a straight or branched-chain C₁-C₃₀alkoxy radical, more preferably a straight or branched-chain C₁-C₈alkoxy radical, any non-alkoxy radical R₁ or R₂ is hydrogen, and R₃ is astraight or branched-chain C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radical. Among straight orbranched-chain C₁-C₈ alkoxy radicals, preferred are methoxy, ethoxy,n-propoxy, iospropoxy, n-butyoxy, isobutyoxy, and tert-butoxy radicals.Among straight or branched-chain C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radicals, preferred aremethyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl,n-amyl, isoamyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl,decyl and lauryl radicals.

More preferred species of alkoxylated α-cyanodiphenylacrylate compoundsinclude those having the formulas (III)-(V):

wherein R₃ is as previously defined.

Most preferred species of alkoxylated α-cyanodiphenylacrylate compoundfor the practice of the present invention is α-ethylhexylα-cyano-β-(4-methoxyphenyl)-β-phenylacrylate (hereinafter“methoxycrylene”), which is commercially available from HallStar Company(Chicago, Ill.). Methoxycrylene has been used in the past forstabilizing certain organic or chemical sunscreen agents that aresusceptible to photo-decomposition upon exposure to UV radiation, suchas Avobenzone and OMC. For more details about Methoxycrylene, see U.S.Patent Application Publication Nos. US2009/039322A, US2009/039323A andUS2009/042312A, and International Patent Application Publication No.WO09/020,675A, which are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentireties for all purposes.

It has been discovered by the inventors that methoxycrylene is asurprisingly and unexpectedly effective dispersing agent, and it can becombined with inorganic particulate materials to form cosmetic orsunscreen compositions of excellent spreadability with little or nocoagulation.

Further, it has been discovered by the inventors that methoxycrylene,when combined with physical sunscreen agents, such as TiO₂ or ZnO, cansynergistically enhance the photo-protective effect of such physicalsunscreen agents, in the absence of any organic or chemical sunscreens.Nothing in the state of art teaches, suggests or even contemplates sucha synergistic effect of methoxycrylene in combination with a purelyphysical sunscreen system, which is both surprising and unexpected. Inaddition, the refractive index (RI) of methoxycrylene is significantlyhigher than that of its non-alkoxylated structural analogs. For example,methoxycrylene has a RI of about 1.59, while octocrylene, which is anon-alkoxylated structural analog of methoxycrylene, has a RI of onlyabout 1.56-1.57. The higher RI value of methoxycrylene allows it to formmore transparent (and therefore more aesthetically acceptable) sunscreenformulations when combined with titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, whichhas a RI value of above 2.

The alkoxylated diphenylacrylate compound can be present in the topicalcomposition of the present invention in an amount ranging from about0.01% to about 50%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 20%, and morepreferably from about 1% to about 15%, by total weight of thecomposition.

Although not necessarily, the inorganic particulate material and thealkoxylated diphenylacrylate compound can be formulated with one or moreoptional organic or chemical sunscreen agents, thereby providingsunscreen compositions of high SPF values (e.g., SPF measurements ofgreater than 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or even 50 or more). If present, suchorganic or chemical sunscreen agents may each range from about 0.01 to45% by weight of the total composition.

Exemplary organic or chemical sunscreen agents that can be used incombination with the inorganic particulate material and the alkoxylateddiphenylacrylate compound of the present invention include, but are notlimited to UVA and UVB sunscreens, such as benzophenones and derivativesthereof (e.g., benzophenone-3, dioxybenzone, sulisobenzone, octabenzone,hydroxy- and/or methoxy-substituted benzophenones, andbenzophenonesulfonic acids and salts thereof); salicylic acidderivatives (e.g., ethylene glycol salicylate, triethanolaminesalicylate, octyl salicylate, homomethyl salicylate, and phenylsalicylate); urocanic acid and derivatives thereof (e.g., ethylurocanate); p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and derivatives thereof (e.g.,ethyl/isobutyl/glyceryl esters thereof and 2-ethylhexylp-dimethylaminobenzoate, which is also referred to as octyldimethylPABA); anthranilates and derivatives thereof (e.g., o-amino-benzoatesand various esters of amino-benzoic acid); benzalmalonate derivatives;benzimidazole derivatives; imidazolines; bis-benzazolyl derivatives;dibenzoylmethanes and derivatives thereof;benzoazole/benzodiazole/benzotriazoles and derivatives thereof (e.g.,2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole and methylenebis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, which is commonly referred toas “Tinosorb M”); diesters or polyesters containing diphenylmethylene or9H-fluorene substitutional groups; 2-phenyl-benzimidazole-5-sulphonicacid (PBSA); 4,4-diarylbutadienes; cinnamates and derivatives thereof(e.g., 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate, octyl-p-methoxycinnamate,umbelliferone, methylumbelliferone, methylaceto-umbelliferone,esculetin, methylesculetin, and daphnetin); camphors and derivativesthereof (e.g., 3-benzylidenecamphor, 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor,polyacrylamidomethyl benzylidenecamphor, benzylidene camphor sulfonicacid, and terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid, which is commonlyreferred to as “Encamsule”); triazines and derivatives thereof (e.g.,2,4-bis-{[4-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2-hydroxy]-phenyl}-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,which is commonly referred to as “Tinosorb S”); naphthalates andderivatives thereof (e.g., diethylhexyl-2,6-naphthalate);naphtholsulfonates and derivatives thereof (e.g., sodium salts of2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic and 2-naphthol-6,8-disulfonic acids);dibenzalacetone and benzalacetonephenone; diphenylbutadienes andderivatives thereof; di-hydroxynaphthoic acid and salts thereof; o- andp-hydroxybiphenyldisulfonates; coumarin derivatives (e.g., 7-hydroxy,7-methyl, and 3-phenyl derivatives thereof); azoles/diazoles/triazolesand derivatives thereof (e.g., 2-acetyl-3-bromoindazole, phenylbenzoxazole, methyl naphthoxazole, and various aryl benzotriazoles);quinine and derivatives thereof (e.g., bisulfate, sulfate, chloride,oleate, and tannate salts thereof); quinoline and derivatives thereof(e.g., 2-phenylquinoline and 8-hydroxyquinoline salts); tannic acid andderivatives thereof (e.g., hexaethylether derivatives thereof);hydroquinone and derivatives thereof; uric acid and derivatives thereof;vilouric acid and derivatives thereof, and mixtures or combinationsthereof. Salts and otherwise neutralized forms of certain acidicsunscreens from the list hereinabove are also useful herein. Theseorganic or chemical sunscreen agents may be used alone or in combinationof two or more. In addition, other known animal or vegetable extractshaving UV light-absorbing ability may properly be used alone or incombination.

Organic or chemical sunscreen agents that are particularly useful forthe practice of the present invention are: 4,4′-t-butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, 2-ethylhexylsalicylate,3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylsalicylate, 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate,2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone,2,4-bis-{4-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2-hydroxyl-phenyl}-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, terephthalylidenedicamphor sulfonic acid, diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate,digalloyltrioleate, ethyl 4-[bis(hydroxypropyl)]aminobenzoate, glycerolp-aminobenzoate, methylanthranilate, p-dimethylaminobenzoic acid oraminobenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate,2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid,2-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-5-sulfoniobenzoxazoic acid, and mixtures orcombinations thereof.

Although organic or chemical sunscreens can be used in the topicalcomposition of the present invention, it is not necessary to includethem since the combination of inorganic sunscreen particles (e.g., TiO₂and/or ZnO) with the alkoxylated diphenylacrylate compound provides asufficient photo-protective barrier for blocking the harmful UV-A andUV-B radiation. Preferably, the topical composition of the presentinvention is substantially free of any organic or chemical sunscreens,and more preferably free of dibenzoylmethane derivatives, such asAvobenzone.

The inorganic particulate materials and the alkoxylated diphenylacrylatecompound of the present invention can be added directly to anypharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier to form a cosmeticor topical composition. For purpose of the present invention,pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carriers are substances thatare biologically compatible with human skin and can be used to formulateactive ingredients described hereinabove and/or hereinafter into acream, gel, emulsion, liquid, suspension, powder, nail coating, skinoil, or lotion that can be topically applied. In the case where thecosmetically acceptable carrier is in the form of an emulsion, it maycontain from about 0.1 to 99%, preferably from about 0.5 to 95%, morepreferably from about 1 to 80% by weight of the total composition ofwater and from about 0.1 to 99%, preferably from about 0.1 to 80%, morepreferably from about 0.5 to 75% by weight of the total composition ofoil. In case where the composition is anhydrous it may comprise fromabout 0.1 to 90 wt % of oil and from about 0.1 to 75 wt % of otheringredients such as pigments, powders, non-aqueous solvents (such asmono-, di-, or polyhydric alcohols, etc. In case where the compositionis in the form of an aqueous based gel, solution, or suspension, it maycomprise from about 0.1 to 99 wt % of water and from about 0.1 to 75 wt% of other ingredients such as botanicals, non-aqueous solvents, etc.

Suitable components of the pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptablecarrier include, but are not limited to: moisturizing agents, astringentagents, chelating agents, sequestrants, emulsifiers/surfactants,emollients, preservatives, stabilizers, abrasives, adsorbents,thickeners, gellants, solidifying/structuring agents, anti-cakingagents, anti-foaming agents, pH buffering/adjusting agents, binders,film formers, humectants, pigments, opacifiers, essential oils,fragrances, and aromatic compounds. The pharmaceutically or cosmeticallyacceptable carrier or carriers can be present in the topical or cosmeticcomposition of the present invention at an amount ranging from about 1%to about 99.9%, preferably from about 50% to about 99.5%, morepreferably from about 70% to about 99%, and most preferably from about80% to 90% by total weight of the topical or cosmetic composition.

The topical or cosmetic composition may contain one or more skin careadditives, which are agents that provide benefits to the skin, ratherthan merely improving the physical or aesthetic characteristics of thetopical composition. If present, such skin care actives may range fromabout 0.01 to 50%, preferably from about 0.05 to 35% by weight of thetotal composition. Exemplary skin care additives that can be used in thetopical or cosmetic compositions of the present invention include, butare not limited to: self-tanning agents (e.g. dihydroxyacetone),anti-aging agents, DNA-repair enzymes, anti-wrinkle agents, anti-acneagents (e.g., resorcinol, salicylic acid, and the like),enzyme-inhibiting agents, collagen-stimulating agents, agents for theeradication of age spots and keratoses, analgesics, anesthetics,antimicrobials (e.g., antibacterials, antiyeast agents, antifungalagents, and antiviral agents), antidandruff agents, antidermatitisagents, antipruritic agents, antiemetics, anti-inflammatory agents,antihyperkeratolytic agents, antiperspirants, antipsoriatic agents,antiseborrheic agents, antihistamine agents, skin lightening agents,depigmenting agents, skin soothing/healing agents (e.g., aloe veraextract, allantoin, and the like), corticosteroids, hormones,antioxidants, proteins or peptides, vitamins and derivatives thereof(e.g., vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B₃, vitamin B₅, and the like),exfoliants, retinoids (e.g., retinoic acid and retinol), farnesol,bisabolol, phytantriol, glycerol, urea, guanidine (e.g., aminoguanidine), clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconozole, griseofulvin,hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine, pramoxine, lidocaine, procaine,mepivacaine, monobenzone, erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin,meclocyline, minocycline, hydroquinone, naproxen, ibuprofen,theophylline, cromolyn, albuterol, topical steroids (e.g.,hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 21-acetate, hydrocortisone 17-valerate,and hydrocortisone 17-butyrate), betamethasone valerate, betamethasonediproprionate, benzoyl peroxide, crotamiton, propranolol, promethazine,and mixtures or derivatives thereof. In a preferred, but not necessaryembodiment of the present invention, the topical composition comprisesone or more skin care actives selected from the group consisting ofself-tanning agents, anti-aging agents, DNA repair enzymes, anti-wrinkleagents, anti-acne agents, antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory agents,skin-lightening agents, antioxidants, proteins or peptides, vitamins andderivatives thereof, exfoliants, and mixtures thereof.

For example, the topical or cosmetic compositions of the presentinvention may include one or more antioxidants, and more preferably oneor more water-soluble extracts of biological materials that exhibitanti-oxidant activities. If present, such antioxidants or water-solubleextracts with anti-oxidant activities may range from about 0.01 to 45%,preferably from about 0.05 to 20%, more preferably from about 0.1 to 15%by weight of the total composition. Examples of suitable water-solubleextracts that exhibit anti-oxidant activities include, but are notlimited to, extracts from: artemia, phytosphingosine, polygonumcuspidatum root, yeast such as saccharomyces lysate, thermosthermophillus ferment, birch (Betula alba), mimosa tenuiflora (bark)extract, fruit, clove, rye, malt, corn, spelt, millet, barley, oat,wheat, sesame, cumin, turmeric, green onion, celery, ginseng, ginger,licorice, carrot, bupleurum root, Ginkgo biloba (gingko), FoeniculiFructus (fennel), kiwi, berry such as Morus bombycis (mulberry),Gentiana lutea (gentian), algae such as red algae, Arctium lappa(burdock), Salvia officinalis (sage), Lentinus edodes (shiitakemushroom), Perilla frutescens (perilla), Filipendula Multijuga, Fucusvesiculosis (bladderwrack, sea weed), peach kernel, Allium sativum(garlic), Poria cocos (poria), Humulus lupulus (hops), Mutan Cortex(Moutan Bark), Pimpinella major, Lactuca sative (lettuce), Astragalusmembranaceous (astragalus) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Prunusamygdalus (almond), Althea officinale (althea), aloe, Rosae Fructus(rose fruit, or Rosa multiflora), Scuttelaria baicalensis (Huang qin),Puerariae Radix (Pueraria Root, or Pueraria lobata), chamomile such asChamomillae Flos (German chamomile), Gardenia jasminoides (zhii zi,Gardeniae Fructus), Sophora flavescens Aiton (Sophorae Radix),chlorella, rice bran, Paeoniae lactiflora (white peony), ziyu(Sanguisorba officinalis, burnet), Morus alba (sang bai pi, mulberry),Glycine max (soybean), Camellia sinensis (tea), Carthami Flos(safflower), Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut), Melissaofficinalis (lemon balm) and Coicis Semen (Coix lacryma-jobi var.ma-yuen), Angelica keisukei, Arnica montana (arnica), Foeniculumofficinale (fennel), Isodon japonicus Hara (Isodonis Herba), DaucusCarota (carrot), Oryza sativa (rice), Crataegus cuneata (Japanesehowthorn), Acorus calamus (sweet flag), Crataegus oxycantha (howthorn),Juniperus communis, Ligusticum wallichii (Chinese lovage), SwertiaeHerba (Swertia Herb), Thymus vulgaris (garden thyme), Citrus reticulata(Citrus unshiu), Capsicum tincture, Angelicae sinensis (angelica),Aurantii Pericarpium (bitter orange peel), Ruscus aculeatus (butcher'sbloom), Vitis vinifera (grape), Tilia japonica (lime), Citrus junos andRosa canina (rose hip), caffeine, Cinnamomi Cortex (cinnamon bark) andEriobotrya japonica Lindl. (loquat), Gambir, Echinacea, PhellodendriCortex (amur cork tree or Phellodendron amurense), Hypericum perforatum(St. John's wort), Citrus sinensis (orange), Valeriana fauriei Briquet,Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Geranii Herba(Geranium Herb), Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc., Hederahelix, Achillea millefolium (yarrow), Ziziphus jujuba (Chinese dates),Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), Houttuynia cordata (HouttuyniaeHerba, Houttuynia Herba), Potentilla erecta, Petroselinum crispum(parsley), Parietaria officinalis, Santalum album (sandalwood), Prunuspersica (peach), Centaurea cyanus (cornflower), Eucalyptus globulus(eucalyptus) and Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Persea americana(avocado), Nasturtium officinalis (watercress), Symphytum officinale(comfrey), Asarum sieboldii (wild ginger), Xanthoxyum piperitum (Japanpepper), Rehmannia glutinosa (di huang), Mentha piperita (peppermint),Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot) andHaematoxylum campechianum (logwood); Oolong tea, Cinchona succirubra(peruvian bark), Betula verrucosa (birch) and Glechoma hederacea (groundivy), milk and royal jelly, honey, cysteine and derivatives thereof,ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof, BHA, BHT, ferulic acid andderivatives thereof, grapeseed extract, pine bark extract, horseradishextract, hydroquinones, rosmarinic acid, coffee robusta seed, caffeicacid, tocopherol and derivatives thereof, green tea extract, sodium DNA,sodium ribonucleic acid, octyl, propyl and dodecyl gallates, uric acidand thiodiproprionate derivatives.

For another example, the topical or cosmetic compositions of the presentinvention may include one or more DNA repair enzymes and more preferablyone or more DNA repair enzymes selected from the group consisting of8-oxoguanine DNA glucosylase, uracil-and-hypoxanthine-DNA-glycosylase,damaged-base glycosylase (e.g., 3-methyl-ladenine-DNA glycosylase),3-methyladenine-DNA-glycosylase, pyrimidine dimer-specific glycosylase,pyrimidine glycosylase/abasic lyase, N-glycosylase/apyrimidinic lyase,N-glycosylase/apurinic-apyrimidinic lyase, photolyase,O⁶-methylguanine-DNA-methyl transferase, T4 endonuclease V, pyrimidinedimer-specific endonuclease, apyrimidin/apurin-endonuclease, UV damageendonuclease, correndonuclease, and DNA exonuclease. Other DNA repairenzymes or enzyme complexes involved in either the base excision repair(BER) pathway, the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, or thealternative excision repair pathway can also be used for practice of thepresent invention. Such DNA repair enzymes may be derived or extractedfrom suitable sources, such as bacteria, algae, protozoans, planktons,plants, and the like. Further, the DNA repair enzymes may beencapsulated in liposomes for more efficient delivery to the skin.Liposomes are microscopic vesicles consisting of an aqueous coreenclosed in one or more lipid layers formed by membrane lipids, such asphospholipids and sphingomyelins. Liposomes facilitate transfer of skincare actives into the dermis of skin. For more details regardingencapsulation of DNA repair enzymes in liposomes, see U.S. Pat. No.5,296,231, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference intheir entireties for all purposes. If present, the DNA repair enzymesmay range from about 0.01% to 20%, preferably from about 0.1% to about10%, and more preferably desirably from about 0.5% to about 2%, by totalweight of the composition.

The cosmetically acceptable carrier may also contain one or more oils,which are also known as skin conditioning agents, such as volatile ornonvolatile silicones, esters, paraffinic hydrocarbons, vegetable oils,and synthetic oils. Suitable volatile or non-volatile silicones include,but are not limited to: cyclomethicone; methyl trimethicone;octamethyltrisiloxane; decamethyltetrasiloxane;dodecamethylpentasiloxane; dimethicone; phenyl trimethiconetrimethylsiloxyphenyl dimethicone; phenyl dimethicone; cetyldimethicone; dimethicone copolyol, cetyl dimethicone copolyol;glycerolated silicones such as lauryl PEG-9 polydimethylsiloxyethyldimethicone; or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the composition maycontain one or more non-volatile silicone oils having a viscosityranging from about 5 to 250,000 cst at 25° C. Examples includedimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, diphenyl dimethicone, and the like.Suitable esters include mono-, di-, or triesters. Monoesters are in thegeneral form RCO—R′ wherein R and R′ are each independently a C₁₋₄₅straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl. Diesters maybe formed by the reaction of a C₁₋₄₅ aliphatic or aromatic mono- ordihydric alcohol with a C₁₋₄₅ aliphatic or aromatic mono- ordicarboxylic acid, as appropriate, where the aliphatic group may bestraight or branched chain, or saturated or unsaturated. Suitabletriesters include the reaction products of a C₁₋₄₅ aliphaticor aromaticalcohol having at least three hydroxyl groups with a C₁₋₄₅ carboxylicacid, or a C₁₋₄₅ aliphatic or aromatic alcohol with a C₁₋₄₅tricarboxylic acid, with the aliphatic chains being linear or branched,saturated or unsaturated. Examples include esters of caprylic and capricacids and glycerin such as caprylic/capric triglycerides; esters ofglycerin or polyglycerin and stearic acid such as glyceryl stearate,diglyceryl diisostearate; esters of malic acid and isostaryl alcoholsuch as diisostearyl malate; coco caprylate caprate and the like. Ifpresent, such oils may range from about 0.1 to 99% by total weight ofthe composition.

The cosmetically acceptable carrier may also comprise one or morehumectants, which include, but are not limited to: glycols, sugars, andthe like. Suitable glycols are in monomeric or polymeric form andinclude polyethylene and polypropylene glycols such as PEG 4-200, whichare polyethylene glycols having from 4 to 200 repeating ethylene oxideunits; as well as C₁₋₆ alkylene glycols such as propylene glycol,butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, and the like. Suitable sugars, someof which are also polyhydric alcohols, are also suitable humectants.Examples of such sugars include glucose, fructose, honey, hydrogenatedhoney, inositol, maltose, mannitol, maltitol, sorbitol, sucrose,xylitol, xylose, and so on. Preferably, the humectants used in thecomposition of the invention are C₁₋₆, preferably C₂₋₄ alkylene glycols,most particularly butylene glycol, or glycerin. If present, suchhumectants may range from about 0.001% to about 25%, preferably fromabout 0.005% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 15%,by total weight of the topical composition.

The cosmetically acceptable carrier may also comprise one or moreorganosiloxane elastomers, generally those known as non-emulsifying. Ifpresent, such elastomers may range from about 0.1 to 30% by weight ofthe total composition. Examples of suitable elastomers include, but arenot limited to dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer,methylvinylsiloxanes, methylvinylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers,dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated dimethylpolysiloxanes,dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated dimethylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxanecopolymers, dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminateddimethylsiloxane-diphenylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane copolymers,trimethylsiloxy-terminated dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxanecopolymers, trimethylsiloxy-terminateddimethylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane copolymers,dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminatedmethyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)polysiloxanes, anddimethylvinylsiloxy-terminateddimethylsiloxane-methyl(3,3,-trifluoropropyl)siloxane copolymers, andthe like.

The composition may also contain one or more surfactants, particularlyif present in the emulsion form. Preferably such surfactants arenonionic and may be in the form of silicones or organic nonionicsurfactants. Suggested ranges are from about 0.1 to 40%, preferably fromabout 0.5 to 35%, more preferably from about 1 to 30% by weight of thetotal composition. Suitable silicone surfactants includepolyorganosiloxane polymers that have amphiphilic properties, forexample contain hydrophilic radicals and lipophilic radicals. Thesesilicone surfactants may be liquids or solids at room temperature.Exemplary silicone surfactants that can be used in the present inventioninclude, but are not limited to: dimethicone copolyols, alkyldimethicone copolyols, and emulsifying silicone elastomers. Emulsifyingsilicone elastomers are elastomers that have one or more hydrophilicgroups such as hydroxyl, oxyethylene, and the like bonded thereto so asto confer hydrophilic properties to the elastomer.

Suitable organic nonionic surfactants may include alkoxylated alcoholsor ethers formed by the reaction of an alcohol with a polyalkyleneoxidecontaining repeating units of alkylene oxide. Preferably, the alcohol isa fatty alcohol having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. Examples of organicnonionic surfactants that can be used in the present invention include,but are not limited to: steareth 2-100, beheneth 5-30, ceteareth 2-100,ceteth 1-45, and the like, which are formed by polyethyleneoxide withthe corresponding stearyl/behenyl/cetyl alcohol (wherein the number asused herein designates the number of repeating units of ethylene oxidein the polyethyleneoxide). Other alkoxylated alcohols include estersformed by reaction of polymeric alkylene glycols with glyceryl fattyacid, such as PEG glyceryl oleates, PEG glyceryl stearate; or PEGpolyhydroxyalkanotes such as PEG dipolyhydroxystearate wherein thenumber of repeating ethylene glycol units ranges from 3 to 1000.

Also suitable as nonionic surfactants are compounds formed by thereaction of a carboxylic acid with an alkylene oxide or polymeric ether.Monomeric, homopolymeric, or block copolymeric ethers, alkoxylatedsorbitan, alkoxylated sorbitan derivatives can also be used as nonionicsurfactants in the present invention.

The compositions of the invention may also contain other ingredientssuch as structuring agents in the form of polymeric structuring agentssuch as acrylic polymers, polyamides or polyurethanes. The structuringagents may be water or oil soluble or dispersible. Such structuringagents will provide structure, or increase the viscosity of thecomposition. If present, suggested ranges are from about 0.1 to 50%,preferably from about 0.5 to 40%, more preferably from about 1 to 35% byweight of the total composition. Suitable structuring agents includenatural, synthetic waxes, or mineral waxes such as petrolatum,candelilla, ozokerite, synthetic wax, polyethylene, silicone waxes suchas stearyl or behenyl dimethicone, and the like. Suitable polymericstructuring agents include carbomer, acrylic polymers or copolymers,such as acrylates copolymer, polyacryalte-1 crosspolymer,acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, C10-30 alkyl acrylatecrosspolymer (e.g., those commercially available as Carbopol® orPemulen®), ester or amide terminated polyamides (those commerciallyavailable from Arizona Chemical under the Uniclear® or Sylvaclear®), oraqueous dispersions or solutions of polyurethanes.

The topical compositions of the present invention, especially thesunscreen compositions, are preferably water-resistant, sweat-proof,non-irritating, non-comedogenic (i.e., will not clog pores), and/or hypoallergenic. More preferably, the topical compositions are transparent ortranslucent, non-whitening, and can be easily absorbed into the skin.Most preferably, the topical compositions provide maximum, broadspectrum photoprotection and a therapeutic or curative benefit forsun-damaged or photosensitive skin and will have an SPF ranging fromabout 15 to 100, preferably from about 20 to 75.

The topical compositions of the present invention are designed so thatthey may be worn daily and may be worn under make-up. Because in oneembodiment of the invention the topical compositions of the presentinvention may contain relatively lower concentrations of organicchemical sunscreen agents, they are often perceived as more desirable toconsumers who prefer sunscreens that do not have organic sunscreencompounds in them. Preferably, the compositions may be topically appliedto any portion of the skin that will be or will tend to be exposed to UVirradiation, including, but not limited to, the face, the ears, thescalp, the hands, arms, shoulders, legs, feet, abdomen and back, and anyarea of the skin that an individual chooses to expose to UV, visible,and/or IR irradiation. Such UV irradiation is typically, but notnecessarily, directed to the skin from the sun. Other UV, visible, andIR range light sources include most typical UV light sources, as will beappreciated by those of skill in the art, and also including mostindustrial light sources.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are illustrative, but not limiting, of thetopical compositions of the present invention as described hereinabove.

Example I In Vitro Measurements of Photo-Protective Effect in UVB andUVA Regions

Three (3) formulas were prepared by simply mixing the followingingredients:

Concentration (wt %) Ingredients A B C De-ionized water QS QS QS Alcohol(Denatured) 2.00 — 2.00 Hydroxyethylcellulose 1.38 1.38 1.38Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.72 0.72 0.72 Ethylhexyl methoxycrylene(“Methoxycrylene”) 2.00 — 2.00 Titanium dioxide/alginic acid/aluminum —4.00 4.00 hydroxide/hydrated silica

UV-absorption spectra of the above-listed three (3) formulas, whichspanned across a wavelength range of from about 290 nm to about 400 nmand covered both the UVB and UVA spectral regions, were measured by a UVspectrophotometer commercially available from Optometrics Corporation(Ayer, Mass.), hereinafter referred to as the SPF-290S analyzer.Specifically, a 3M™ Transpore™ tape was mounted onto a plastic templatewith a hole of about 2.5 cm in diameter. Each formula was dotted ontothe test area of the tape (i.e., above the hole) and spread evenly toform a sample coating layer of about 2.0 mg/cm². The coating was driedfor about 20 minutes at room temperature. The plastic template with thedried sample coating layer was then placed onto the horizontal samplearea of the SPF-290S analyzer, and an Atlas Suntest XLS solar simulatormanufactured by Atlas Material Testing Solutions (Chicago, Ill.) wasused as the UV source to provide UV and near-UV radiation of from about290 nm to 400 nm. UV absorption spectrum of each sample coating layerwas measured by the SPF-290S analyzer, and four (4) measurements wereconducted for each sample formula and then averaged to obtain an averageUV absorption curve for each sample formula. The areas under suchaverage UV absorption curve in the UVB region (290 nm-320 nm) and theUVA region (320 nm-400 nm) were calculated for each sample formula andare listed herein as follows:

TABLE 1 Formula UVB Absorption Area UVA Absorption Area A 10.8 13.0 B38.5 19.7 C 56.9 38.7

It is clear from the above table that Formula C, which contained bothMethoxycrylene and TiO₂, had an UVB absorption area (i.e., 56.9) thatwas greater than the sum of the UVB absorption area measured for FormulaA (i.e., 10.8) containing only Methoxycrylene without TiO₂, and the UVBabsorption area measured for Formula B (i.e., 38.5) containing only TiO₂without Methoxycrylene. Further, Formula C had an UVA absorption area(i.e., 38.7) that was greater than the sum of the UVA absorption areameasured for Formula A (i.e., 13.0) and the UVA absorption area measuredfor Formula B (i.e., 19.7). Therefore, it seems that the combination ofMethoxycrylene with TiO₂ synergistically enhances the photo-protectiveeffects of TiO₂ both in the UVA and UVB regions.

Example II

Two topical sunscreen compositions containing about 3.88% titaniumdioxide and 5% zinc oxide in combination with 3% methoxycrylene wereprepared by simply mixing the following ingredients:

Concentration (wt %) Ingredients Formula 3 Formula 4 De-ionized water QSQS Methyl trimethicone 12.60  12.60  Zinc oxide 5.00 5.00 C₁₂-C₁₅ alkylbenzoate 4.35 4.35 Isostearic acid 0.40 0.40 Polyhydroxystearic acid0.25 0.25 Butylene glycol 6.00 6.03 Titanium dioxide 3.88 3.88Dimethicone 3.79 3.79 Neopentyl glycol diethylhexanoate 3.46 3.46Beeswax 3.00 3.00 Polydiethylsiloxane 3.00 3.00 Ethylhexylmethoxycrylene (“Methoxycrylene”) 3.00 3.00 Isododecane 2.18 2.18Disteardimonium hectorite 0.24 0.24 Propylene carbonate 0.09 0.09Glycerin 2.00 2.00 Dimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer 0.50 0.50 LaurylPEG-9 polydimethylsiloxyethyl 2.00 2.00 dimethicone Ethyl macadamiate2.00 2.00 Dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer 0.15 0.15Phenoxyethanol 0.83 0.83 Caprylyl glycol 0.49 0.49Trimethylsiloxysilicate 0.33 0.33 Magnesium sulfate 1.00 1.00 CetylPEG/PPG-10/1 dimethicone 1.00 1.00 Iron oxides 0.49 0.49 Xanthan gum0.25 0.25 Pantethine 0.16 0.16 Tocopheryl acetate 0.20 0.20 Alcaligenespolysaccharides 0.20 — Lecithin 0.01 0.01 Hydrolyzed wheat protein/PVPcrosspolymer — 0.40 Dipentaerythrityl tri-polyhydroxystearate — 2.00Polyvinyl acetate — 0.35 Acrylates/hydroxyesters acrylates copolymer —0.16 Acrylates copolymer — 0.30 Silicone modified acryl resin — 0.50

Example III

Two additional topical sunscreen compositions containing about 3.92%titanium dioxide and 5% zinc oxide in combination with 2% methoxycrylenewere prepared by simply mixing the following ingredients:

Concentration (wt %) Ingredients Formula 1 Formula 2 De-ionized water QSQS Methyl trimethicone 12.60  — Butylene glycol 6.03 3.00 Zinc oxide5.00 5.00 C₁₂-C₁₅ alkyl benzoate 4.35 4.35 Titanium dioxide (sunscreengrade) 3.92 3.92 Dimethicone 3.68 — Beeswax 3.00 3.00Polydiethylsiloxane 3.00 3.00 Neopentyl glycol diethylhexanoate 3.00 —Dipentaerythrityl tri-polyhydroxystearate 2.00 0.85 Ethylhexylmethoxycrylene (“Methoxycrylene”) 2.00 2.00 Glycerin 2.00 3.00 LaurylPEG-9 polydimethylsiloxyethyl 2.00 1.00 dimethicone Ethyl macadamiate2.00 — Aleurites moluccana (Kukui) seed oil 2.00 — Titanium dioxide(pigment grade) 1.48 1.48 Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 dimethicone 1.00 —Magnesium sulfate 1.00 — Phenoxyethanol 0.83 0.31 Trioctyldodecylcitrate 0.55 0.20 Caprylyl glycol 0.49 0.47 Dimethicone/PEG-10/15crosspolymer 0.48 — Hydrolyzed wheat protein/PVP crosspolymer 0.40 —Isostearic acid 0.40 0.40 Iron oxides 0.40 0.15 Polyvinyl acetate 0.35 —Trimethylsiloxysilicate 0.33 — Acrylates copolymer 0.30 — Aluminumhydroxide 0.28 0.28 Hydrated silica 0.26 0.26 Polyhydroxystearic acid0.25 0.25 Xanthan gum 0.25 0.50 Tocopheryl acetate 0.20 —Acrylates/hydroxyesters acrylates copolymer 0.16 — Pantethine 0.16 —Dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer 0.15 — Alginic acid 0.06 0.06Dipropylene glycol 0.01 — Lecithin 0.01 — Tocopherol 0.01 — Isononylisononanoate — 10.00  Caprylyl methicone — 5.00 Mica — 5.00 Polyester-8— 3.00 Stearyl heptanoate — 2.00 Steareth-21 — 1.75 Glyceryl stearate —1.00 Hydrogenated lecithin — 1.00 Magnesium aluminum silicate — 0.60Cetyl alcohol — 0.50 Trehalose — 0.50 PEG-100 stearate — 0.50 Steareth-2— 0.30 Disodium EDTA — 0.20 Polyethylene — 0.20 Propylene glycoldicaprate — 0.11 Hexylene glycol — 0.09 Helianthus annuus (sunflower)seedcake — 0.08 Sodium hyaluronate — 0.02 Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate —0.01 Hordeum vulgare (barley) extract — 0.01

While some illustrative embodiments of the inventions have beendescribed hereinabove, such illustrative embodiments should not beinterpreted in any manner to limit the broad scope of the preventinvention. Various modifications and equivalents of the describedembodiments and components thereof will be apparent to those of ordinaryskill in the art. Some modifications and equivalents will be readilyrecognized by one ordinarily skilled in the art, while others mayrequire no more than routine experimentation. It is therefore understoodthat such modifications and equivalents are within the spirit and scopeof the present invention.

1. A topical composition comprising at least one inorganic particulatematerial and an alkoxylated diphenylacrylate compound in apharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier.
 2. The topicalcomposition of claim 1, wherein the at least one inorganic particulatematerial comprises at least one metal oxide.
 3. The topical compositionof claim 1, wherein the at least one inorganic particulate materialcomprises a physical sunscreen agent selected from the group consistingof titanium dioxide particles, zinc oxide particles, and mixturesthereof.
 4. The topical composition of claim 1, wherein the alkoxylateddiphenylacrylate compound is an alkoxylated α-cyanodiphenylacrylatehaving the formula (I):

wherein one or both of R₁ and R₂ is a straight or branched-chain C₁-C₃₀alkoxy radical, any non-alkoxy radical R₁ or R₂ is hydrogen, and R₃ is astraight or branched-chain C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radical.
 5. The topicalcomposition of claim 4, wherein one or both of R₁ and R₂ is a straightor branched-chain C₁-C₈ alkoxy radical.
 6. The composition of claim 1,wherein the alkoxylated diphenylacrylate compound is an alkoxylatedα-cyanodiphenylacrylate having the formula (III), (IV) or (V):

wherein R₃ is a straight or branched-chain C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radical.
 7. Thetopical composition of claim 1, wherein the alkoxylated diphenylacrylatecompound is α-ethylhexyl α-cyano-β-(4-methoxyphenyl)-β-phenylacrylate.8. The topical composition of claim 1, wherein the at least oneinorganic particulate material is entrapped by collapsed polymericshells to form microspheres having an average particle size ranging fromabout 1 micron to about 50 microns.
 9. The topical composition of claim1, further comprising one or more organic or chemical sunscreen agentsselected from the group consisting of 4,4′-t-butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, 2-ethylhexylsalicylate,3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylsalicylate, 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate,2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone,2,4-bis-{4-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2-hydroxyl-phenyl}-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, terephthalylidenedicamphor sulfonic acid, diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate,digalloyltrioleate, ethyl 4-[bis(hydroxypropyl]aminobenzoate, glycerolp-aminobenzoate, methylanthranilate, p-dimethylaminobenzoic acid oraminobenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate,2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid,2-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-5-sulfoniobenzoxazoic acid, and mixtures orcombinations thereof.
 10. The topical composition of claim 1, furthercomprising at least one DNA repair enzyme.
 11. The topical compositionof claim 1, further comprising glycerin or a C₂-C₄ alkylene glycol. 12.The topical composition of claim 1, further comprising methyltrimethicone.
 13. A topical composition having an SPF ranging from about15 to 100 comprising α-ethylhexylα-cyano-β-(4-methoxyphenyl)-β-phenylacrylate, an inorganic particulateselected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, andmixtures thereof.
 14. The topical composition of claim 13, wherein theinorganic particulate is entrapped by collapsed polymeric shells to formmicrospheres having an average particle size ranging from about 1 micronto about 50 microns.
 15. The topical composition of claim 13, furthercomprising at least one nonvolatile silicone having a viscosity rangingfrom about 5 to 250,000 centistokes at 25° C.
 16. The topicalcomposition of claim 13, further comprising at least one siliconeelastomer.
 17. The topical composition of claim 13, further comprisingtrimethylsiloxysilicate.
 18. The topical composition of claim 13,further comprising at least one volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon selectedfrom the group consisting of isododecane, isohexadecane, and mixturesthereof.